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Social Security

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Social Security essentialsOpen the complete claiming guide and calculatorClaiming ages, spouse and survivor benefits, working, taxes and applying
SOCIAL SECURITY

When Should You Claim Social Security?

Social Security does not have one perfect claiming age. Starting earlier gives you smaller checks sooner. Waiting gives you larger checks later. Your health, work, other income and family situation all help determine which choice makes sense for you.

We’ll walk through it one decision at a time.

RULES CURRENT AS OF 2026

Start with the big picture

Your monthly benefit changes depending on when you start. Here are the three milestones most people compare.

CLAIM EARLIERAge 62

Smaller monthly benefit, but you begin receiving checks sooner.

FULL RETIREMENT AGEAge 67*

Your full calculated retirement benefit. FRA varies by birth year.

WAIT LONGERAge 70

Largest monthly retirement benefit. Delayed retirement credits stop at 70.

* Full Retirement Age depends on birth year. The calculator below determines your exact FRA.

What are you trying to figure out?

Jump straight to the Social Security question that matters most to you.

Want to compare your own numbers?

See how claiming at 62, your full retirement age, or 70 could change your monthly benefit and cumulative Social Security income.

Compare Claiming Ages
TRY YOUR NUMBERS

See what different claiming ages could mean for you

Enter your benefit estimate and we’ll compare claiming at 62, your full retirement age, and 70. Nothing you enter is sent anywhere.

Your estimated PIA — find your real number at ssa.gov/myaccount
The age through which you want to compare lifetime benefits
+ Add filing status & other income for the tax estimate
Pensions, part-time work, investment income
Claim at 62 Claim at your FRA Claim at 70
Swipe left to see the total column →
Claim ageMonthly benefitAnnual benefitTotal by your plan age
How this calculator works
Uses the SSA's standard claiming-age formulas (5/9% and 5/12% per month reductions before FRA; 2/3% per month delayed credits after FRA, capped at 70), shown in today's dollars — this ignores annual COLA increases, which raise every claiming age's benefit by roughly the same percentage each year and so don't change which age wins. Assumes benefits are collected for full years. Your actual benefit depends on your lifetime earnings record.

Your 5 Social Security decisions

Start with the simple takeaway. Open a card only when you want the detailed rules and numbers.

Every year you delay claiming past 62 (up to 70) permanently increases your monthly benefit. Claim early and you get a smaller check for more years; delay and you get a bigger check for fewer years. There's no single "correct" answer — it depends heavily on your health, family longevity, other income, and whether you're still working.

How much each age is worth (relative to your full benefit at FRA 67)

Claim at age% of full benefit
62~70%
63~75%
64~80%
65~86.7%
66~93.3%
67 (FRA)100%
68~108%
69~116%
70~124%

The reduction for claiming early is 5/9 of 1% per month for the first 36 months before FRA, then 5/12 of 1% per month beyond that. The increase for delaying past FRA is a flat 8% per year (2/3 of 1% per month), and it stops accruing at age 70 — there's no reason to wait past 70.

Note: If your FRA is 66 or 66-and-some-months (born before 1960), the same mechanics apply, just shifted — check your exact FRA on ssa.gov before comparing numbers.

Spousal benefits

A spouse can receive up to 50% of the higher earner's Primary Insurance Amount (PIA) if the spouse claims at their own FRA. Claiming earlier than FRA reduces the spousal benefit too. If you qualify for both your own retirement benefit and a spousal benefit, Social Security generally pays your own benefit first, then tops it up to the higher spousal amount — you don't get both added together.

Divorced-spouse benefits

You can claim a spousal benefit on an ex-spouse's record if the marriage lasted at least 10 years, you're currently unmarried, and you're 62 or older. If you've been divorced at least 2 years, you can claim even if your ex hasn't filed yet.

Survivor benefits

A widow or widower can claim survivor benefits as early as age 60 (age 50 if disabled), at a reduced rate. A powerful, underused strategy: claim a reduced survivor benefit early and switch to your own (larger, delayed) retirement benefit later — or the reverse — since these are evaluated somewhat independently. This is a case where getting professional guidance is genuinely worth it, since the optimal sequencing depends on both benefit amounts.

If you claim Social Security before your FRA and keep working, benefits can be temporarily withheld once your earnings cross an annual limit. This is not a permanent loss — see the note below.

Situation2026 annual limitWithholding rate
Under FRA all year$24,480$1 withheld per $2 over the limit
Reaching FRA this year$65,160 (earnings before the month you hit FRA only)$1 withheld per $3 over the limit
At FRA or laterNo limitNo withholding
Withheld isn't lost: once you reach FRA, Social Security recalculates your benefit going forward to credit you for months benefits were withheld — you effectively get it back over time, spread across your remaining payments.

Only wages, self-employment income, bonuses, and commissions count toward the earnings test — pensions, annuities, investment income, and interest do not.

Up to 85% of your Social Security benefit can be subject to federal income tax, depending on your "combined income" (your adjusted gross income + any tax-exempt interest + half of your Social Security benefit).

Filing statusCombined income% of benefit potentially taxable
SingleUnder $25,0000%
Single$25,000 – $34,000Up to 50%
SingleOver $34,000Up to 85%
Married filing jointlyUnder $32,0000%
Married filing jointly$32,000 – $44,000Up to 50%
Married filing jointlyOver $44,000Up to 85%
These thresholds are not adjusted for inflation. They were set by law decades ago and have never been raised, so more retirees are pulled into taxation of benefits every year as incomes rise. Don't assume you're under the line just because you were a few years ago.

Separately, some states also tax Social Security benefits — check your specific state's rules, since they vary widely and change periodically.

You can apply online at ssa.gov, by phone, or in person at a local Social Security office. Online is fastest for most people.

When to apply

Apply up to 4 months before you want benefits to start. Processing typically takes a few weeks.

What you'll need

  • Social Security number and birth certificate (or other proof of age)
  • W-2 forms or self-employment tax return for the prior year
  • Bank account information for direct deposit
  • Marriage certificate or divorce decree, if applying for spousal, divorced-spouse, or survivor benefits
Changed your mind? You can withdraw your application within 12 months of first claiming (a one-time option, and you'll need to repay benefits already received), or you can voluntarily suspend benefits at FRA or later to let them grow again until 70.
Keep in mind: This page is educational, not a benefits calculation. Your actual Primary Insurance Amount, spousal/survivor amounts, and exact FRA depend on your personal earnings history and birth date. Get your real numbers from your my Social Security account at ssa.gov, and consider a fee-only advisor for claiming-strategy decisions involving a spouse or survivor benefit — the sequencing genuinely matters and is easy to get wrong.
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